CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background
Oxford Advanced Learners states that (1) Language
is a the system of communication in speech and writing that is used by people
of a particular country or area, (2) The method of human communication, either
spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and
conventional way (3) Any means of conveying or communicating
ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice;
sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and
mouth. Language is very universal that mean it used for communication with
people who live in has same nationality, geographical, and island moreover it
used for communication with foreign people or international people in the
world.
One of languages in the world is English which
has necessary role for communication with other people so that it is used of
the international language, Basically English is use in language of study,
economy, business .technology, entertainment, polities, tourism and others.
There are several reasons for learning
English, Firstly; our curriculum said that English is compulsory subject in
every school’s level. Secondly, many people learn English because of they want
to be an effective person in English so they don’t less about development in
English, Thirdly, some people learn English because they realize that they will
have a better chance to get job in their future especially expert in English.
Fourthly, People learn English because they want to continue their study become
a lecturer or a professor.
When we learn English, there are four skills (
listening, speaking, writing, and reading) that we need for complete our
English. Linguistically, reading and listening are part of receptive skills.
While writing and speaking are the productive skills. All of those should be
integrated so that the students able to apply the skill in school until
working.
It is same as what we do when we learn about our native language, we
usually learn to listen, speak, write and then we try to read. The mastery of
four language skills are undeniable to English learners in order to master
English.
In order
to make the students easy to understand in studying English, the teacher
usually uses text. According to Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary states that
(1) main printed part of a book or magazine, (2) any form of written material,
(3) written form of a speech, play, article, book that is studied. While text
book means book that teaches a particular subject, used in school, etc. Text is
very important because it tells people things for a start. Without of words our
image have an awful a lot work to do.
There
are two easy way to study English effecticely. First, you go and stay in an English
speaking country for quite sometime. Second, you may get involved in daily
communication with native speakers of English. The first way is almost
impossible for you to do it. The second way is quite possible but it will cost
you a lot of money, especially when you have a hire a native English teacher.
So how we can overcome this problem? Please do not feel discouraged. To help
you learn, we have composed an English textbook which is rich in samples of
daily communication frequently used by English speaker. You can use a textbook
as a “building block” which you can develop your communicative skills.
1.2.Review
Related Literature about Textbook
Language is the system of a communication.There are several reasons
for learning English, Firstly; our curriculum said that English is compulsory
subject in every school’s level. Where as we know that
curriculum is a set
of courses or a plan for a particular area of study. A curriculum includes more
than just courses of study. It includes the following:
- A statement of underlying philosophy or learning theory
- Assumptions
- Goals
- Objectives
- Strategies
- Instructional materials
In
English there are four basic skills such as: Listening, Speaking, Reading and
Writing. Listening is a receptive skill. Listening
is the ability to identify and understand what others are saying. This process
involves understanding a speaker’s accent or pronunciation, the speaker’s
grammar and vocabulary and comprehension of meaning. Listening is important
because listening is often implied as a component of speaking. You can not
speak well if you can not listen. From listening you can learn new information.
Listening also includes paying attention to the person speaking, so you can
also pick up on body language, gestures, expression, and other non- verbal
clues to help you understand what they are saying. It
requires concentration, which is the focusing of your thoughts upon one
particular problem. In order to do listening, there
are some ways that should do :
-
Prepare your self
before listening something.
-
If the teacher gives a
teks, at first read the teks carefully and try to guess the meaning.
-
When you listen, you
shoud focus and don’t do something else that can make you loss consentration
and then looking for the key word.
Speaking
is a productive skill, where it can produce a language. According to the Oxford
Advance Learner’s Dictionary, speak means to say words; to say or to talk
somebody about something, to have a conversation with somebody; to address
somebody in word etc. While speech means the power, act or the way of speaking.
In order to be able to speak, there are some ways that should do :
-
Don’t be afraid to speak, just say what do you
know and don’t ever think the grammatical. The first that you should brave to
speak, although you forget the grammatical, but don’t worry. As long as the
other understand. It’s enough for you. Later on, after you fluently in
speaking, little by little you should improve your grammatical.
-
Prepare your self
before speaking
-
When you speak, you
shoud focus and don’t do something else that can make you loss consentration.
Reading
also as a receptive skill. It is very important skill because without good
reading skill, one cannot obtain various information printed in the form of
media such as bulletin, magazine or newspaper. Thus, through reading one can
absorb a large amount of knowledge. Moreover, various kinds of information
about science and technology can be obtained by reading books in English
because English is one of the languages of international communication (
Tampubolon. DP, 1988)
Writing
is a productive skill where it can produce a language in written form so that
people can read, perform or use it. Writing is the representation of language
in textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbols. There are five
steps in writing :
-
Step 1 : Prewriting (
THINK)
At first,
the students should think and decide a topic.
-
Step 2 : Drafting (
WRITE)
In here the students
try to write sentences and paragraph even if they are not perfect.
-
Step 3 : Revising (MAKE
IT BETTER)
After make the
paragraph then look at again in order to make it better than before.
-
Step 4 : Proofreading (
MAKE IT CORRECT)
In detail the students
should look at the sentences, check the spelling, capitalization and also
punctuation.
-
Step 5 : Publishing (
SHARED THE FINISHED PRODUCT)
After finishing in
writing a paragfraph, then read your writing aloud to the other.
In
here there are also the kinds of texts and the generic structure. There are
many kinds of text. Such as:
1. Procedure Text ( to describe how something is
accomplished)
The generic structure
of the text :
-
Goal
-
Materials
-
Steps
2. Recount
Text ( is a text that tell the events that
happened in the past. The events should be chronologically, and in recount text
is different with narrative text where in narrative there is a complication,
but in recount there is no complication)
The
generic structure of the text :
-
Orientation : provides the setting and
introduces participants.
-
Events : tell what happened, in what
sequence.
-
Reorientation : optional-closure of events.
3. Descriptive
Text ( is a text to describe a particular person, thing, animal or place)
The generic structure
of the text :
-
Identification
-
Description
-
Conclusion
4. Report
Text ( is a text to describe the way things are )
The generic structure
of the text :
-
General Classification
-
Descripsion
5. Narrative
Text ( is a text to entertain the reader with a fairy tale )
The generic structure
of the text :
-
Orientation
-
Complication
-
Resolution
1.3.The
Related Research
In
chapter 1 in textbook Building Blocks
English Competency for year VIII SMP/MTS By Ignatia M.H. and leo K. Tamtomo,
about Flora and Fauna, Keeping Animals, and Animals in the Wild, I analyze the listening, speaking, reading,
and writing based on the syllabus and
some theories, whether the textbook matches or not with the syllabus or good or
not with the eight grade students of Junior High School. In the listening skill
I analyze the expression about asking,
giving and refusing for help, expression about agreement and disagreement,
expression probability, descriptive text, explain things and identify main
ideas of the paragraph.
1.4.Research
Methodology
1.4.1. The
Method
The method that use in this research is
a literature, where there is an exist thing and I just compare that exist
thing. In here I just compare between the syllabus and the textbook about
Building Blocks English Competence for year VIII SMP/MTS.
1.4.2. Object
of the research
The object that I use in this researh is
a syllabus and textbook about Building Blocks English Competence for year VIII
SMP/MTS.
1.4.3. Research
Instrument
The research instrument that I use are
curriculum KTSP for Junior High School , Syllabus and also textbook Building
Blocks English Competence for year VIII SMP/MTS.
1.4.4. Procedure
-
Preparation.
First, I search the
syllabus for Junior High School. I went
to the Junior High School 1 Marga Tabanan, then I asked the teacher who taught
in eight grade. I asked how they taught the students, what instruments that they
used in teaching. Then they said that they used a textbook. Then I borrowed the
syllabus and the textbook .
-
Action
After I get the
syllabus and the textbook for eight grade students of Junior High School, then
I try to identify that syllabus and the text book. Firstly, I compare between
the syllabus and the terxtbook. I look at what are the Basic Competencies for
example for Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing skill. Then I look at the
textbook whether the textbook match or not with the Basic Competence that
states in the syllabus. I look at chapter by chapter in detail. Besides that,
in anlyze textbook I also use some refferences theory in order to make it
correct.
CHAPTER
II
ANALYSIS
2.1. The analysis of
the textbook
1. In
the syllabus, especially in listening skill, the basic comptence states that
students are able to respond the transactional and interpersonal conversation
to interact with the environment that uses the expression of asking, giving and refusing a help, asking,
giving and refusing things, asking and giving opinion.
In unit 1 World Plants
Helping in the Garden
page 2.
I analyze the listening
skill. In the listening skill in textbook, the students are given a teks, then
they should listen the conversation from the tape than the should respond the
conversation with fill in the blank based on what they heard. Between syllabus
and textbook are match because in the textbook students respond the
conversation with asking, giving and refusing help and this is match with the
basic competence in the syllabus. Besides that, the vocabulary that use is not
too difficult for students in Junior High School, most the vocabulary that uses
are familiar vocabulary.
After listening the
conversation then the students are ask to answer the question. In the textbook
there’s no teks that provide for the students. So I thinks it’s not good for
the students especially for Junior High School that I know they are young
learner and beginner in studying English. So it will make them difficult in
order to answer question.
In the textbook in page
5 there is an expression about asking and giving opinion and students practice
it and also about possibility, so it matches with the syllabus.
2. In
Speaking skill the basic competence is students are able to respond the meaning
in the short functional teks accurately, fluently and acceptable to interact
with the environment use the expression of asking, giving and refusing a help.
In the textbook, in chapter 2 in activities, students are provide a expression
about asking, giving ang refusing a help. Then they ask to practice it with
their friend, after that they also ask to make a simple conversation consist of
that expression and practice it. It matches with the syllabus where in the
syllabus states that students can use it in order to interact with the
environment, with that kinds of expression it can use in everylife situation
and it’s very useful for the students in order to communicate with the other
people.
3. The
basic competence of reading skill is reading a loud in the essay in the form of
descriptive text with the pronunciation, intonation that acceptable with the
environment. In the texbook in page 6 about Growing Plants, students are given
a descrptive paragraph then they should read it first after that try to answer
the question that has given. In the descriptive paragraph as we know that
consist of identification, description and conclusion. But in the textbook it’s
not clear which one is the identification, description and conclusion. Besides
that, the vocabulary that use in one reading teks is too difficult for the
young learner, it make them hard to comprehend the passage. So it’s not good
reading passage for the students in
Junior High School.
4. Basic
competence for the writing skill is students are able to express the meaning in
the functional teks and fill the blank in the form of descriptive paragraph and
able to make a sentence to be a meaning teks in the form of descriptive
paragraph. In the textbook in page 16 activities A. Staes that fill in the
correct form of the verb to complete the paragraph. In here the descriptive
paragraph is very clear which one is the identification, description, and
conclusion. The vocabularies that use are familiar, so it’s liitle bit make the
students easy to do and they also know the generic structure of the descriptive
text clearly with the clear example. So that they can make the simple
descriptive teks.
2.2.
The result of the analysis textbook Building
Blocks English Competence for year VIII SMP/MTS.
By
using the textbook Building Blocks English Competence for year VIII SMP/MTS,
students will learn English trough an active process. Most of the activities
the students do in this book will begin with listening and speaking. Some
activities will also deal with reading and writing skills. That way the student
will grasp the basic competence on how to communicate in English. The tittle of
this book is Building Blocks. It aims to build the foundation of the students
English competency. Most of the listening and conversation materials in this
textbook are based on real life situation. Most of the reading and writing
materials are also based on real life situation. In Building Blocks for Grade
VIII, there are some chapter, which is each chapter deals with a theme and some
interesting topics that. Overall this textbook is good textbook although there
is little problem, where in this book there is a little unfamiliar vocabulary
for the students and the generic structure of the descriptive text is not
clear. I think it can be revise in order to make this textbook better than now.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Textbook
is very useful for the teacher and for the students. For the teacher, it’s use
as an instrument in teaching the students. To help the students learn, we have
composed an English textbook which is rich in samples of daily communication
frequently used by English speaker. Students
can use a textbook as a “building block” which they can develop their communicative skills. Overall after analysing
the textbook with the syllabus, this textbook is good. Most
of the listening and conversation materials in this textbook are based on real
life situation. Most of the reading and writing materials are also based on
real life situation. In Building Blocks for Grade VIII, there are some chapter,
which is each chapter deals with a theme and some interesting topics that.
CHAPTER
IV
REFFERENCES
Oxford Advance Learner’s
Dictionary.(2003). New York : Oxford University Press
Ignatia, M.H.,& Leo,
K.T.(2005). Building Blocks English
Competency Year VIII SMP/MTS. Yogyakarta : PT Citra Aji Parama
Brown, H. Douglas. 2004. Principle and Classroom Practices.Pearson
Education. United State of America.
Baker, Joana and Westrup, Heather. 2000.
The English Language Teacher’s Handbook. VSO. London
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